Recommended textbook solutionsSocial Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Social Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, Being13th EditionMichael R Solomon 449 solutions At brickyard tools, one of Jerome's key responsibilities is to evaluate and take correct action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources. This describes which of Jerome's managerial responsibilities A. Long-range planning d. controlling Which of these is NOT one of the managerial responsibilities identified in the text a. long-range planning e. external consulting ______ skill include the ability to see the organization as a whole and to understand how various parts fit together to work as integrated unit. a. Conceptual a. Conceptual _____ is a formal methodology that identifies dysfunctional aspects of workflow, procedures, structures and systems, and then realigns them to fit current business goals and develops plans to implement change. a. micro-organizational behavior b. organizational design ON a Global Competitiveness Index, which country ranks at the top? Singapore _____ is primarily concerned with the behavior of individuals and groups. a. Micro-organizational behavior a. Micro-organizational behavior Which of these best describes a company's ability to provide products and services more effectively and efficiently than competitors a. micro-organizational behavior c. industrial competitiveness _____ are at the top of the hierarchy and are responsible for the entire organization, especially its strategic direction a. middle managers b. executive managers Which of the following occupation shows the fastest growth rate in 2016-2026? a. solar photovoltaic installers a. solar photovoltaic installers _____ are responsible for major departments and ay supervise other lower-level managers a. executive managers b. middle mangers Work typically serves all of these functions except: a. an economic function e. a source of alienation _____ are responsible for supervising frontline employees and carry out day-to-day activities within departments a. system manager c. first-line managers Both the ___ and Human Resources department managers rate high on long-range planning, but will spend less time on the organizational offerings. a. computer b. accounting
The study of people's behavior is _____ behavior a. organizational a. organizational ______ skills represent a manager's ability to organize and analyze information a. deductive d. conceptual When Susan is involved in strategic planning and development activities at ABC products, it describes which of her managerial positions a. supervision e. long range planning Which of the following managers focus less on planning, coordinating, and consulting but more on customer relation and external contracts? a. human resource c. marketing _______ is concerned with organization-wide issues, such as organization design and the relations between an organization and its environment a. management b. organization theory Which of the following represents a person's capacity to acquire and sort through various pieces of information from the environment and organize them in such a way that they make sense? cognitive complexity locus of control extroversion physical abilities psychomotor abilities cognitive complexity
Which of these refers to the tendency among individuals to attribute the events affecting their lives either to their own actions or to external forces? self-esteem locus of control Factors such as stature and health are included in ________ determinants. situational physiological Which of the following describe an individual's intellectual capabilities and are closely linked to how a person makes decisions and processes information? mental abilities mental abilities The
"collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another" is _________. culture Which of the following refers to the ability to perceive fixed geometric figures and their relations with other geometric figures? perceptual speed spatial aptitude An individual who greatly respects those in positions of power is generally supportive of __________ . subjectivity authoritarianism Susan can be described as having ____ because she tends to attribute things
that happen to her as something over which she has little or no influence. an external locus of control Which of the following is a dimension of physical abilities? response orientation
equilibrium Factors that are often unpredictable are ______ determinants. situational physiological People who tend to attribute their successes and failures to their own abilities and efforts have ______ . subjectivism. illusions of grandeur. Which of these refers to people who direct their energies inwardly and have a greater sensitivity to abstract feelings? introversion
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of mental abilities? locus of control According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, questions such as "Can most people be trusted or not? and Are people basically good, or are they evil?" explores which of the following dimension of culture? how people view
humanity how people view humanity Which of these refers to the values that help us determine appropriate standards of behavior and place limits on our behavior both inside and outside the organization? authoritarianism ethics A cognitive style that is characterized by inflexibility is _________ . dogmatism Which of the following refers to the ability to make continuous anticipatory motor adjustments in speed and direction to follow a continuously moving target? manual dexterity rate control Which of the following refers to the ability to discover a rule or principle and apply it to the solution of a problem? number aptitude inductive reasoning Which of the following country has the highest average hours worked per worker? Japan South Korea A constellation of interacting characteristics best describes _________. attitude personality All but which of the following is a major influence on selective attention? response certainty ______ refers to a tendency to distort or ignore information that is either personally threatening or culturally unacceptable. Perceptual defense ________ refers to the extent to which a person is interested in and committed to assigned tasks. Job involvement Which of
the following represents the first step in the perceptual selectivity process? retention and response Which of these defines the extent to which you believe that the person being observed would behave consistently when faced with different situations? distinctiveness distinctiveness When people are presented with a situation that contradicts their long-held beliefs and attitudes, ________ is especially pronounced. perceptual defense Which of the following
is NOT a characteristic of the perceiver? subconscious uncertainty ________ represents the relative strength of an individual's identification with and involvement in an organization. Organizational commitment The belief that attitudes emerge as a result of the uniqueness of a given situation is typical of the ________ approach. operational situational Which of the following describes the process by
which individuals identify objects in the environment for attention? perceptual selectivity The need to ensure that one's behaviors are consistent with their attitudes toward the event refers to which of these? perceptual selectivity behavioral justification ________ represents a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience. Job satisfaction The influence of positive
arbitrary biases is called the _______. halo effect People experience __________ when they find themselves acting in a fashion that is inconsistent with their attitudes. cognitive dissonance Which of these defines a tendency to underestimate the effects of external or situational causes of behavior and to overestimate the effects of internal or personal causes? fundamental attribution error The process by which attributes are
assigned to people solely on the basis of their class or category is ________. stereotyping The influence of negative arbitrary biases is called the _______. horn effect ______ concerns the process by which an individual interprets events as being caused by a particular part of a relatively stable environment Attribution theory Response salience refers to the tendency to focus on objects that relate to our ______ needs or
wants. immediate A predisposition to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to objects or people in one's environment is the definition of _______. an attitude. People associate verbal or visual stimuli with the problem of _______ coding. symbolic Which of the following is defined as the process of molding behavior through the reciprocal interaction of a person's cognitions, behavior, and environment? social learning theory Which of these aims to identify discrepancies between what management sees as desired or acceptable behavior and actual behavior? performance audit
________ and measurable behavior is the focus of behavior modification advocates. Observable In _____, the unconditioned stimulus, acting as a sort of reward, is administered during every trial. In contrast, in ______ the reward results only when individuals choose the correct response. classical conditioning; operant conditioning Through observing and imitating others, ______ learning takes place. classical operant Which of the following strategies for behavioral change suggests that undesired behavior will decline as a result of a lack of positive reinforcement? extinction Which of the following strategies for behavioral change focus on supervisory attempts to reduce the incidence of
undesired behavior? Extinction and punishment In ______, changes in behavior are thought to arise through changes in stimuli, whereas in ______, changes in behavior are thought to result from the consequences of previous behavior. vicarious learning; classical conditioning classical conditioning; operant conditioning The process of improving performance incrementally is
________. shaping There is heavy emphasis on _______ processes with behavioral self-management. cognitive Which of the following strategies for behavioral change focus on bringing about the desired response from the employee? Avoidance learning and extinction Positive reinforcement and avoidance learning An example of a _________ reinforcement is a weekly paycheck. fixed interval Which of the following defines the process whereby a stimulus-response bond is developed between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response through the repeated linking of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus? classical conditioning Which of the following measures the effects of reinforcements, or rewards, on desired behaviors? operant conditioning Sara, a service manager at Auto
Services, knows that on the average her performance is evaluated and rewarded about once a month, but she does not know when this event will occur. This is an example of which of the following schedule of reinforcement? variable interval Which of the following strategies for behavioral change describes the administration
of unpleasant or adverse outcomes as a result of undesired behavior? punishment Which of these represents the final step in a behavior modification program? administer feedback and rewards In _______, there is a saying that "the nail that sticks up gets hammered down." Japan Which of these represents the first step in a behavior modification program? administer feedback and rewards establish behavioral criteria ______ suggests that when we first come into contact with others, we categorize them as belonging to an in-group or an out-group. Social identity theory Which act prohibits any discrimination as it relates to pregnancy, including hiring, firing, compensation, training, job assignment, insurance, or any other employment conditions? PDA Which of the following is NOT an advantage of diversity? greater marketing expenditures ______ occurs when an employee or an applicant is treated unfairly at work or in the job hiring process due to an identity group, condition, or personal characteristic. Groupthink Workplace discrimination The ______ suggests that the different life experiences, skills, and perspectives that members of diverse cultural identity groups possess can be a valuable resource in the context of work groups. justification -suppression model integration-and-learning perspective Which term describes discrimination that manifests itself in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable, yet is serious because it can impact interpersonal interactions between employees, employees and customers, and other important workplace relationships? covert Which of these refers to
differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives? cognitive diversity James is always telling lewd jokes and is known for making offensive comments about women in general. James can be considered as creating which of these? hostile
environment hostile environment According to experts, hiring discrimination against _____ has not declined over the past 25 years while workplace discrimination against other racial minority groups has declined. blacks Asian Which of the following groups is projected to make up almost one-fifth of the labor force by 2024? Hispanics Which term is commonly used to refer to ways in which organizations seek to ensure that members of diverse groups are valued and treated fairly within organizations in all areas including hiring, compensation, performance evaluation, and customer service activities? managing diversity managing diversity Which act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, public accommodations, and in telecommunications? ADA Which is an invisible barrier based on the prejudicial beliefs that underlie organizational decisions that prevent women from moving beyond certain levels within a company? group think glass ceiling Which agency was created by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the primary goal of making it illegal to discriminate against someone in the workplace due to their race, national origin, sex, disability, religion, or pregnancy status? SEC EEOC Which term describes a collective of individuals who share the same demographic characteristics such as race, sex, or age? Identity group Women today earn about ____ cents to every dollar that men earn, even while performing the same or similar jobs. 80 A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called ____. revealing groupthink Which term represents an individual's visible characteristics, including, but not limited to, age, body size, visible disabilities, race, or sex? surface-level diversity _____________
represents the degree to which employees are accepted and treated fairly by their organization. inclusion ________ discrimination is a catchall term that describes when people are denied employment opportunities because of their identity group or personal characteristics such as sex, race, age, or other
factors. Access Poor decision-making by lower-level managers can lead to any of the following adverse outcomes EXCEPT: reduced morale if the decisions involve managing workers increased expenses if there are too many supplies frustration among employees if the decisions involve training workers increased turnover if the decisions involve managing workers increased productivity if there are too few workers increased productivity if there are too few workers Ordering office supplies based on stock running low most likely happens using which approach? programmed Tamara want
to improve her decision making when she is making programmed decisions. Which of the following she should focus on? heuristics While _______ decisions will generally need to be processed via the ______ system in our brains in order for us to reach a good decision, with ______ decisions, heuristics can allow decision makers to switch to the quick, _____ system. nonprogrammed; reactive; programmed; reflective nonprogrammed; reactive; programmed; reactive programmed; reflective; nonprogrammed; reflective nonprogrammed; reflective; programmed; reactive None of the other answers is correct. nonprogrammed; reflective; programmed; reactive Which of the following describes conflict between individuals that is more personal and involves attacks on a person rather than an idea? time pressures relationship Which term best describes mental shortcuts? heuristics heuristics Recognizing that the issue has a moral component represents which element of James Rest's ethical decision-making model? moral sensitivity moral sensitivity For most people, buying a house can be described as which of these types of a
decision? programmed _____ refer to our beliefs about what is right vs. wrong, good vs. evil, virtuous vs. corrupt. ethics and morals Which term best describe
the individuals or groups that are affected by an organization? stakeholders Which of the following describe conditions when we tend to pay more attention to information that agrees with our existing beliefs and less attention to information that is contrary to our beliefs? time
pressures confirmation bias Which of the following represents the first step in the decision making process? Recognize that a decision needs to be made Sam, marketing manager at ABC Products, argues that XY Products, their biggest competitor is spending more on marketing than ABC. XY have a larger share of the market. Therefore, ABC should spend more on marketing. This argument represents which of the following fallacies? non sequitur Which term best describe decisions that are repeated over time and for which an existing set of rules can be developed to guide the process? programmed ________ intentionally takes on the role of critic. The devil's advocate Which of the following terms illustrates that decision making process is limited with incomplete information as well as our capacity to process all the information? bounded rationality ______ is the ability to recognize, understand, pay attention to, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence Which term best describes decisions that are novel, unstructured and generally based on criteria that are not
well-defined? nonprogrammed Which of the following is NOT an element of emotional intelligence? self-regulation _______ is the generation of new or original ideas; it
requires the use of imagination and the ability to step back from traditional ways of doing things and seeing the world. Creativity An overriding principle of Maslow's theory of needs is the fact self-actualization is never achieved. hat a person's direction and intensity will be focused on satisfying the lowest level need that is not currently satisfied. people start at the highest level of the need and work their way down to lower levels. people are driven by self-actualization. people go through the five levels in a mechanical fashion. hat a person's direction and intensity will be focused on satisfying the lowest level need that is not currently satisfied. According to the ERG theory, all of the following would be opportunities for growth EXCEPT autonomy achievement. The degree to which people put forth effort to achieve their target refers to what component of motivation? intensity
Expectancy theory states that people will exert the strongest effort when E1 or E2 is weak. perceive that performance is not related to outcomes. will choose the effort level that results in the maximum amount of positively valued outcomes. perceive no relationship between effort and performance. will exert the strongest effort when E2 is weak but not E1. will choose the effort level that results in the maximum amount of positively valued outcomes. The need to socialize with other people is manifest. physiological blurred or difficult to determine. hereditary. learned. manifest. According to Herzberg, hygiene needs must be met in order to avoid dissatisfaction. establish high job content. achieve dissatisfaction. motivate individuals to perform well. achieve job satisfaction. avoid dissatisfaction. The major implication for managers using Maslow's need theory of motivation is to design jobs that are self-actualizing by their very nature. explore additional needs to satisfy. to invert the pyramid. help employees satisfy lower order needs. to focus on higher order needs. explore additional needs to satisfy. McClelland has argued that the most important motivator for successful managers is the need for affiliation. achievement. personal power. social power. humility. social power. A force within or outside of the body that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior is known as: intensity motivation In Self Determination Theory (SDT), performing an activity in order to attain a valued outcome refers to intrinsic motivation. extrinsic motivation. The knowledge, skills, and receptiveness to learning that an
individual brings to a task or job refers to: ability Which of the following conditions will result in low performance according to expectancy theory? When low performance is not associated with negative outcomes. When low performance is not associated with negative outcomes. people inherently believe they are under-compensated. that people continuously monitor the degree to which their work environment is fair. Whatever need is motivating a person at a given time is a manifest need. A need that cannot be inferred from a person's behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need is called a latent need. When a behavior causes something undesirable to be taken away and the behavior is therefore more likely to be repeated in the future, the type of consequence used is called negative reinforcement. punishment. The value a worker attaches to an outcome is typically based on pay. Which of these exists when the outputs of one unit or group become the inputs for another? sequential interdependence Which of these refers to a position or unit within the organization that is
charged with overseeing and coordinating the activities of two or more groups? linking role During which stage in group development, group members come to accept fellow members and develop a unity of purpose that binds them? norming Which of these groups are classified as informal? cohesiveness A work group _______ may be defined as a standard that is shared by group members and that regulates member behavior within an
organization. norm Which of these refers to a condition where individuals may simply receive too many role-related messages? role overload Which of these groups is considered relatively temporary? task and interest Which of these refers to a condition that can arise when individuals receive multiple and sometimes contradictory messages from various groups, all attempting to assign them a particular role? role conflict When
people join groups because they want to interact with other people and develop meaningful relationships, it describes which of the following reasons why they join groups? social needs During which stage in group development, a high degree of intergroup conflict can usually be
expected? storming Which of these refers to a tendency for individual group members to reduce their effort on a group task? role ambiguity social loafing Which of the following is
considered a design factor in determination of work group effectiveness? sharing knowledge Which of these represent the first stage of a role episode model? Group expectations for a particular position Those factors inside and outside the organization that can affect the group's performance are referred to as task ______. environment _________ groups tend to be less
permanent. Task An intermediate criterion of group effectiveness is expressed in all but which of the following? task performance strategies group competitiveness Which of these groups are
considered relatively permanent? command and friendship Which of these describes an expected behavior pattern assigned or attributed to a particular position in the organization? work roles Interpreting and understanding and making sense of a message refers to which of the following? decoding While the ____ role describes managers who initiate change, the ____ role depicts managers who must involuntarily react to conditions. entrepreneur; disturbance handler From a management communication perspective, managers' greatest challenge is to admit to flaws in their skill set and work tirelessly to improve them. When Maria suggests a product modification to a supplier of her company, she is performing which of these roles according to Mintzberg? spokesperson In which interpersonal role do
managers establish and maintain contacts outside the vertical chain of command? liaison Managers create ______ through communication. meaning In the _______ role, managers pass
privileged information directly to subordinates, who might otherwise have no access to it. disseminator Which of these refers to the individual, group, or organization that needs or wants to share information with another individual, group, or organization?
communicator A manager's effectiveness as a _____ will determine how well they are able to manage the firm's reputation. speaker and writer Which of these is known for its efficiency and immediacy? nonverbal communication oral communication Which of these best described communication? a social process Managers are responsible for the work of the people
in their unit, and their actions in this regard are directly related to their role as which of these? leader In ______ feedback, the receiver provides nonevaluative information to the communicator. informational Body language and facial expression are examples of which of these? nonverbal communication Which of the following includes e-mail, texts, letters, reports, manuals, and annotations on sticky notes? written communication Translating a message into symbols and language that a receiver can understand refers to which of the following? encoding In ______ feedback, the receiver responds by challenging the original message. role ambiguity corrective In ______ feedback, the receiver communicates that she has clearly received the message and its intentions. reinforcing The individual, group, or organization for which information is intended best describe which of the following? reciever As head of the marketing division at Swatski's Summer Sausages, Susan performs several ceremonial duties such as leading the honors reception for excellence in sausage making. Which of the following best describes what Susan does in this role according to Mintzberg? spokesperson figurehead |